Incidência e fatores de risco para lesão por pressão relacionada a dispositivo médico

Abstract

Initial Considerations: Pressure injury (PI) is a condition that occurs on the skin or soft tissues, usually over bony prominences or related to medical devices and artifacts. Regarding medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI), it is known to result from pressure caused by devices used in diagnosis and primarily in patient treatment. MDRPI mirrors the equipment in shape and location. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of medical device-related pressure injury. Methods: This is a prospective observational descriptive, where the problem will be quantitatively addressed, and from the standpoint of objectives, it is a descriptive study, and from the perspective of technical procedures to be performed, it is experimental. Results: At the end of the data collection, organization, and analysis period, a total of 61 study participants were obtained. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 86 years. Among the risk factors that most correlated with the emergence of device-related pressure injury, factors such as the quantity of devices used by patients, incorrect fixation of devices, use of sedoanalgesia, use of vasoactive drugs, and the number of patients on via mechanical ventilations tood out. All participants presented risk for the event. Thus, we had an incidence of MDRPI of approximately 3.27%. The devices that caused the pressure injury were central venous access and pulse oximeter. Conclusion: Through this research, a low incidence rate of medical device-related pressure injury was concluded, compared toot her studies, which indicates that nursing care, despite the presented short comings, is succeeding in preventing this specific type of injury by following institutional protocols. Despite the low incidence, many risk factors were identified for the development of MDRPI. It was also found that the main devices causing MDRPI in this study were the central venous catheter and pulse oximeter, and the injuries were stage I and II. Keywords: Nursing care. Pressure injury. Equipment and supplies.