Incidência e fatores de risco de infecção do trato urinário associada a cateter vesical permanente

Abstract

Infections related to health care, are characterized as those acquired in a hospital environment presenting during hospitalization or after patient discharge, associated with hospital procedures and hospitalization. Among them, Urinary Tract Infection stands out as one of the main ones, representing, in Brazil, about 35 to 45% of adult patients, mainly associated with the use of the permanent bladder catheter equivalent to 75% of the cases. In this context, it should be noted that 69% of catheter-associated urinary tract infections could be avoided by implementing measures to prevent and control these infections. The Intensive Care Unit, is the hospital sector that has the highest rate of urinary tract infection associated with catheters, due to its severe and unstable patients, which require specialized care, continuous monitoring, and use of invasive devices, making them vulnerable to the risk of infection. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection associated with permanent bladder catheter. Methodology: This is an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional descriptive study a quantitative approach, conducted in an Intensive Care Unit of a reference school hospital in Piauí from March to June 2023. The collection was performed through demographic and clinical questionnaires to identify the incidence of urinary tract infection associated with catheter and related risk factors. Results: The sample consisted of 111 study participants, predominantly male (54,1%) and aged 60 years. The incidence rate corresponds to 1,8% and the incidence density is 3,5 per 1000 catheters/day of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The main risk factors associated were the hospitalization period up to 15 days 90 (81,1%) and the length of stay of the bladder catheter up to 15 days 100 (90,1%). Conclusion: It is concluded that the length of hospitalization and the length of stay of the bladder catheter are factors that can contribute significantly to the development of urinary tract infections associated with the catheter. Thus, the relevance of the nursing team in carrying out preventive measures of insertion and maintenance of the permanent bladder catheter is highlighted, in order to ensure the quality of care and patient safety. Descriptors: Urinary Tract Infections. Catheter-Related Infections. Urinary Catheterization. Intensive Care Unit.