Perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos maternos por hemorragia pós-parto no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a type of obstetric emergency determined by blood loss of 500 ml or more in vaginal deliveries and more than 1,000 ml in cesarean deliveries within a 24-hour period after birth. It affects about 2% of women who are in the puerperal period. In underdeveloped countries, PPH is the major cause of approximately a quarter of all maternal deaths in the world. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological profile of maternal deaths from postpartum hemorrhage in Brazil in the period 2009-2019. Methods: This is a descriptive, observational and documentary-based epidemiological study. Data were collected from the information available on the website Department of informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) with the target population being all cases of mortality from postpartum hemorrhage in Brazil from 2009 to 2019, having as inclusion criteria the data available for the public domain and exclusion the other causes of mortality. Results and Discussion: The research showed that there was a fluctuation in the number of deaths from postpartum hemorrhage in Brazil during the period 2009-2019. The year 2015 had the highest rate of cases and the North and Northeast regions concentrated the highest cases of deaths from PPH. It was found that women aged between 30 and 39 years old and brown make up the profile most affected by PPH. Through the study, it is possible to infer that in all regions the place of occurrence for PPH was in hospitals, and that maternal deaths were characterized by direct maternal death, which is a complication that can occur in pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium as a result of ineffective care or inappropriate behaviors. Conclusion: Maternal mortality related to PPH in Brazil is a public health problem, since the number of deaths in Brazil is still relevant. According to the results reported in this work, it can be seen that there were variations in the number of deaths over the years studied, and that there was an increase during this period. The team’s knowledge about signs and treatment of PPH is essential for early recognition and reduction of maternal deaths. Descriptors: Postpartum Hemorrhage; Maternal Mortality; Epidemiology.