Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica das admissões na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de uma maternidade pública.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) were developed with the purpose of providing care to early birth newborns, and over time, these units were evolving in terms of care and began to also accommodate newborns (NB's) with other care needs, however, technological and scientific evolution has been essential for the increase of survival quotas of this population, with the emergence of modern equipment such as incubators, sensors for heart and respiratory frequencies, oxygen saturation monitors, and other state-of-the-art devices. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological clinical profile of newborns admitted to a high-risk NICU of a public maternity hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective quantitative study, consisting of a sample of 200 medical records of newborns admitted to a high-risk NICU, institutionalized in a reference public maternity hospital. Medical records were investigated in June 2022 through a structured form containing the study variables for the period from December 2020 to December 2021. They were later typed into excel spreadsheet and exported to a statistical analysis program. Results: The sample consisted of female newborns (50.5%), premature (36.0%) and low birth weight (64.5%), measuring between 39 and 45 centimeters in length (32.0%), between 28 and 36 centimeters (45%) and 22 and 29 centimeters (37.0%) of head and chest perimeter, respectively, suitable Apgar in the 1st and 5th (39.5% and 85.0%, respectively). Their parents consisted of young adults aged between 24 and 29 years old (24.0), with single pregnancies (81.0%) cesarean section (72.0%), performed with gestational ages between 32 and 36 weeks (36%) and coming from the municipalities of the state (56.0%). Prematurity was the main cause of admission to the Unit (35.2%), followed by respiratory distress (23.0%). Conclusion: The results of the present study contributed to characterize the sample of newborns admitted to a neonatal ICU health service of a reference maternity hospital in Piauí, which has a very high demand, since it receives patients from both the state's municipalities and even others, such as Maranhão state, according to the results. Thus, it contributed to the existence of more data on this theme in Piauí and it is concluded that new studies with significant samples in other regions of Brazil are necessary to broaden the discussion and bring new clarifications on this topic in the country.