Mortalidade neonatal em uma maternidade de referência do Nordeste

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal deaths are those that occur in children under 28 days of age (up to 27 days). These are subdivided into early neonatal (occurring in the first 6 days of life) and late neonatal (occurring between 7 and 27 days of life).Objectives: To analyze neonatal mortality in a reference maternity hospital in the Northeast, in the year 2022. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with the notification forms of newborns who died in 2022. Data collection data was carried out from September to October in 2023. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was divided into three parts: the first one was on the variables of neonatal mortality, which informations such as place of death, birth weight, birth, race, and gestational age, among others were described. The second variable relates itself to immediate care for the newborn, which contained information about the Apgar scale, among others. Finally, the last one seeks to investigate maternal variables and health care received, including items such as maternal age, number of pregnancies, among others. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: The neonatal infant mortality rate in 2022 was 23.9 deaths for every 1000 live births. Maternal age was among 20 and 34 years old, 43.5% of mothers had completed high school, 32.8% of mothers had 7 or more prenatal consultations. In relation to neonatal variables, 43% of newborns were extremely prematurity and 42.7% were extremely low birth weight. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was the place with the highest incidence of neonatal deaths, with 75.6%. The Apgar score in the first minute showed a prevalence of 47.3% of newborns with severe asphyxia. There was a statistically significant association between the Apgar score in the first minute and low birth weight (p=0.008), prematurity (p=0.003), asphyxia/fetal distress (p=0.009) and jaundice (p=0.005). Conclusion: The study contributes to the understanding of the factors involving neonatal mortality and the results point to the need to apply interventions which guarantee a safe birth and survival of newborns.