Dinâmica do sistema campo de dunas-Lagoa do Portinho (Parnaíba-PI) e impactos associados

Abstract

In the contemporary globalized world, there have been several issues related to environmental problems that affect the quality of life of many populations around the planet, largely due to the exacerbated exploitation of natural resources, occupation of areas susceptible to severe natural phenomena, as well as the dynamic action of nature, which results in multiple conflicts for global society. In this way, the general objective of the research was to analyze the processes related to the dynamics of the Campo de dunas-Lagoa do Portinho natural system in ParnaíbaPI and the associated impacts. Based on the general objective, five specific objectives were drawn up: To characterize the physical-natural aspects of the study area; to understand the dynamics of the Campo de dunas-Lagoa do Portinho system, characterizing the climatic and fluvial processes; to characterize the forms of use and occupation of the area and the resulting impacts; to explain how the natural dynamics of the area interfere with the forms of use and occupation by society (permit holders, visitors, managers, residents); to present suggestions for minimizing the alterations seen and to motivate the conservation of the natural resources of the Campo de dunas-Lagoa do Portinho system. The problem that guided this research was to analyze the interaction of the dynamic processes that involve the tourist region of the dune field with the Portinho Lagoon in Parnaíba/PI and the socio-environmental implications resulting from the dynamic relationship between the dunes and the Portinho Lagoon associated with anthropic action. The methodology adopted was bibliographical research, with surveys and consultations of scientific works and authors who contributed to the theoretical discussion based on themes related to this research. Documentary research was then carried out, with data and information pertinent to the research being consulted, with the aim of consulting climatological data and information, decrees, legislation and institutional regulations dealing with the environment. The third stage of the research was field research, in which it was possible to observe in situ the natural dynamics in question as well as the socio-environmental impacts that occurred. On this occasion, a form was used to observe the physical-natural and anthropicaspects of the area studied; the impact matrix proposed by Leopold (1971) was used, adapted according to the objectives of the research; interviews were conducted with the residents of Vila do Portinho and questionnaires were applied to the permissionaires who work on the banks of Lagoa do Portinho, as well as photographic records of the socio-environmental aspects of the site. The results showed that the dynamics of this system have triggered environmental and social problems, because of anthropic actions that have increased the socio-environmental impacts occurring in the study area. It can therefore be seen that the dynamics of the Campo de dunas-Lagoa do Portinho system have generated important socio-environmental impacts for the region, most notably the intense advance of the mobile dunes towards the lagoon and the urban equipment installed near the lagoon, causing various inconveniences, in addition to the impacts induced by anthropic action, highlighting the lack of environmental awareness among residents, traders and visitors.