Intervenção educativa para a equipe de enfermagem sobre lesão por fricção (skin tears)

Abstract

Introduction: Skin tears are wounds resulting from trauma, in which retraction or friction can cause partial-thickness wounds, separation of the epidermis and dermis layers, or total thickness wounds, segregation between both and the underlying layers. There are no regional studies on this topic, so it is important to detect gaps in the identification of skin tears in hospitalized patients since it influences the quality of nursing care. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of the nursing team regarding skin tears in a public teaching hospital before and after an educational intervention. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a teaching hospital with nursing professionals. An educational intervention was carried out on the identification and classification of skin tears, and knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire consisting of 20 items divided into sociodemographic and educational data and knowledge and treatment of skin tears. The sample consisted of 202 nursing professionals. The data were entered into Office Excel and presented in tables with descriptive analysis of means and percentages. Results: The average age of the professionals was 35.93 years, ranging between 21 and 68 years. The questions evaluated had an average of 68% correct answers before and 82% immediately after the educational intervention. It was observed that there was a greater understanding regarding the risk factors and preventive measures for friction injuries, but, regarding treatment, it demonstrated a lack of knowledge about the dressings used and the need for theoretical and practical activities on preventive and treatment measures was evident. Regarding the classification of friction injuries using the instrument, the average number of correct answers after the educational intervention was 15% higher. Conclusion: It was concluded that the educational intervention of the nursing team related to friction injuries was effective, and the predominant sociodemographic profile was female, with an average age of young adults, in which the majority were unaware of the types and appropriate treatment for friction injuries. At the end of the training, an improvement in knowledge was observed in all items evaluated. It is recommended to intensify the educational intervention in smaller groups, with practical activities and control of indicators per clinic.