Perfil do traumatismo cranioencefálico no serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a violent brain injury that can affect the scalp, skull, meninges, brain, and/or cranial nerves, leading to changes in consciousness and cognitive, physical, and behavioral abilities. The treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury represents a significant cost, with an increase over the years. Globally, Traumatic Brain Injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability, with an increase in mortality. In Brazil, the incidence is high, especially in the Northeast region. Pre-hospital care plays a crucial role in the early identification and treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury using the Glasgow Coma Scale and considering different types of Traumatic Brain Injury. Identifying Traumatic Brain Injury patients rapidly is essential to improve outcomes and prevent complications. Objectives: To evaluate the occurrences of Traumatic Brain Injury during pre-hospital care provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil. Methodology: Epidemiological, descriptive, documentary, and retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, regarding the profile of Traumatic Brain Injury victims attended by SAMU, in the city of Teresina-PI from january 2020 to january 2024, where the occurrence forms were analyzed, the data was then entered into a Google Forms document, followed by statistical analysis in Excel. Results: It was observed that the main etiology causing TBI is transport accidents with 53.15% of occurrences, predominantly male, motorcycle users and without the use of protective equipment, where the prevalence was of mild traumas, with a higher incidence during the night and requiring dressing changes. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the profile and clinical characteristics of traumatic brain injury in the population of the municipality of Teresina, highlighting transportation accidents as the leading cause of Traumatic Brain Injury, with a predominance of motorcycle incidents.