Níveis de compactação do solo no desenvolvimento de plantas de soja.

Abstract

The cerrado of Piauí stands out as an important agricultural frontier in Brazil, with soy, corn and cotton agribusiness. Soil compaction is responsible for negatively affecting the development of the soybean crop, leading to productivity losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction on the development of soybean plants in Piauí cerrado soils. The experiment was carried out at the State University of Piauí, Campus Cerrado do Alto Parnaíba, in the municipality of Uruçuí-PI, in a screen with shading screen coverage at 50% shade. The experimental design consisted of four different soil densities in the intermediate ring, T1 1.1 g/cm³, T2 1.4 g/cm³, T3 1.7 g/cm³, T4 2.0 g/cm³ of soil, distributed in randomized blocks, with five repetitions. The experimental plots were composed of three PVC rings with an internal diameter of 100 mm, with a height of 10 cm for the upper ring and a height of 5.0 cm for the intermediate and lower rings, joined by adhesive tape. The lower and upper rings of the pots were filled with soil with a density of 1.1 g cm -3 and the intermediate rings containing the treatments of different soil densities. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and, observing differences, linear regression was performed. Diameter and height of plants at 30, 40, 60 days after planting, number of flowers, fresh mass and dry mass of shoots, number of vegetables, fresh mass and dry mass of vegetables, root fresh mass and mass were evaluated. roots dry in the upper, middle and lower rings. Height and diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoots, number of flowers, number and fresh and dry mass of legumes were not affected by soil compaction under the conditions of the experiment. The increase in soil density had a negative influence on the fresh and dry mass of roots of soybean plants in Piauí cerrado soils.