Etiquetagem do uso da energia: uma nova proposta de rotulagem ambiental

Abstract

According to the principles established by the 2030 Agenda, energy use is recognized as one of the manageable environmental aspects in an organization and Energy Efficiency as an alternative to the socio-environmental impacts of expanding energy generation. Furthermore, given the difficulty in finding subsectoral energy consumption data and inspired by the Brazilian Labeling Program (PBE), the use of electrical energy is emphasized and a new proposal for labeling energy use as an environmental self-declaration is presented, based on the disaggregation of energy bills and productivity indicators. With emphasis on non-residential buildings, a timeline is shown with the evolution of energy use labeling in Brazil, highlighting the PBE as a traditional Brazilian paradigm and analyzing the expansion of Higher Education Institutions in Brazil, justifying the choice of one of these institutions as the object of study, given the need for an Energy Management System. The following highlights the technical aspects related to the development of an Environmental Indicator Matrix based on the Pressure-State-Response Model and, through a systematic review, demonstrates the development of Energy Efficiency Indices, with emphasis on Data Envelopment Analysis, a technique relevant to the scientometric research carried out and to the Environmental Labeling proposed in the publication. Furthermore, using a case study, the process of constructing the proposed labeling is shown, which begins with the Preliminary Diagnosis of energy use, culminating in the determination of the Manageable Losses Indicator and the Manageable Costs Indicator, general and by grouping, later synthesized in the Relative Energy Efficiency Index, also in these two perspectives. Also in this stage, strategies for improving these Environmental Aspects are presented, in addition to the new proposal for labeling energy use, considering the systemic paradigm of the environment, with its complexity, intersubjectivity and instability. It is, therefore, a different model from the traditional Brazilian paradigm. Finally, as the main contribution of this publication, a dynamic map is presented, so that the labels created for the institution under study can be accessed free of charge on the internet.