O ensino da matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: perspectivas e desafios

Abstract

Mathematics as a discipline and science is extremely important for human life, since it is present in almost everything we do. It is worth remembering that mathematical literacy in the early years needs to be loaded with meaning, valuing problem-solving and exercises that encourage students to learn. The present work aims to reflect on paradigms, perspectives and challenges for teaching mathematics in the initial grades of elementary school. As a methodological resource, we opted for a qualitative field work. The results indicate that mathematics is the foundation for the construction of knowledge and it is very important that it plays its role in the development of intellectual capacities, formation of critical and reflective reasoning, in addition to supporting the construction of knowledge in other curricular areas. However, teaching/learning mathematics presents some challenges, such as: lack of communication between educator and student, short workload to teach all the content, teacher training full of gaps, prejudices, indiscipline and disinterest, scattered attention, lack of methodologies that instigate the student and lack of support material. These challenges need to be overcome in order to provide quality education. In this sense, it is necessary to break down the barriers of traditional teaching, demystify the idea that mathematics is a difficult subject, use methodological resources that stimulate students interest and ensure their active participation in the development of their own knowledge.