Fatores de risco epidemiológicos e sobrevida de paciente com Câncer de Colo Uterino

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a highly prevalent neoplasm in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions, where it ranks as the second most common cancer among women. Estimates from INCA (Brazilian National Cancer Institute) project over 17,000 new cases between 2023 and 2025. The main cause is persistent infection by HPV, particularly subtypes 16 and 18. Factors such as early onset of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, HIV infection, low educational level, and limited access to healthcare increase the risk of developing the disease. Although the Pap smear is effective for screening, low adherence, especially among low-income women, contributes to late diagnoses and higher mortality rates. In the state of Piauí, the incidence is estimated at between 13.5 and 16.98 per 100,000 women. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological and prognostic risk factors associated with the survival of patients treated for cervical cancer at a private clinic in Teresina, Piauí, that provides services through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). This is a retrospective cohort study analyzing 159 medical records of patients treated between 2019 and 2023, of which 66 met the defined inclusion criteria. Clinical, sociodemographic, and treatment data were evaluated using SPSS for statistical analysis and the construction of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The results demonstrated that the high number of diagnoses at very advanced stages, associated with epidemiological and clinical factors, indicates short comings in timely access to diagnosis and, consequently, in the quality of the healthcare system.