A eficácia da terapia cognitivo-comportamental no tratamento do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors), which significantly impact the patient's daily life. In therapeutic settings, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is widely recognized as a promising and well-established approach for treating OCD. It helps patients confront their obsessions, reduce compulsions, and manage associated anxiety through active collaboration between the patient and therapist. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder through a literature review of studies published over the past decade. Methodology: This research consisted of a narrative literature review covering the period from 2014 to 2024. The descriptors "Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder," "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy," and "Evidence-Based Treatment" were used to search electronic databases such as Google Scholar and SciELO to identify relevant and up-to-date articles on the subject. Results: The review indicated that CBT, particularly the technique of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), has proven to be one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for treating OCD, showing positive outcomes in significantly reducing obsessive- compulsive symptoms. Additionally, CBT was found to be effective in restructuring dysfunctional beliefs and improving patients’ quality of life, with consistent results even in cases of psychiatric comorbidities, such as major depression. The literature also suggested that CBT induces significant changes in brain activity, especially in regions related to impulse control and emotional regulation. Conclusion: Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy is a proven effective intervention for the treatment of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder, with an emphasis on techniques such as Exposure and Response Prevention. Although therapeutic progress may be slower in cases with comorbidities, the results indicate that CBT promotes lasting improvements in symptom management and quality of life. Future research may benefit from the inclusion of longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of CBT on OCD. Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Evidence-Based Treatment.