Nível de conhecimento de gestantes sobre a relação prematuridade e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor no primeiro ano de vida

Abstract

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), premature birth is defined as delivery occurring before 37 weeks of gestation. The lack of recognition of prematurity as a risk factor for neuromotor and cognitive impairments can lead to inadequate monitoring. The development of preterm infants in the first months of life occurs differently. Therefore, it is recognized that preterm neonates are at a higher risk of neuropsychomotor delay. The family is considered a direct influencer in child development, as in childhood the main bonds, as well as the care and stimuli necessary for development, are provided by it, in addition to being the mediator between the infant and society, enabling their socialization. Objective: To analyze the level of knowledge of pregnant women about possible neuropsychomotor alterations in preterm neonates in the first year of life. Methodology: Cross-sectional, analytical study conducted with 153 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a public maternity hospital in Teresina, Piauí. A structured questionnaire was used, followed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The variable education level showed a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge (p = 0.041). Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of knowledge of pregnant women regarding possible alterations in the neuropsychomotor development of preterm infants is low. Systematic and accessible educational actions should be implemented in prenatal care, with an emphasis on the risks of prematurity and the importance of multidisciplinary follow-up. Strategies such as illustrated booklets, discussion circles, and the use of accessible language can be useful in this context.