Prevalência dos acidentes com exposição a materiais biológicos na equipe de enfermagem de um hospital de doenças tropicais

Abstract

Introduction: Biosafety involves measures to prevent risks to human health and the environment, and is crucial for research. Regulatory Standard No. 32 defines biological risk and establishes guidelines to protect health workers. An occupational accident is an incident that causes injuries or affects the ability to work. Nursing professionals are more susceptible to occupational accidents with exposure to materials, especially in percutaneous, mucous membrane and non-intact skin exposures. Between 2020 and 2023, 145,652 notifications occurred in Brazil. In Piauí, in the same period, 1,747 notifications were reported. In this sense, there is a need for current studies published on the topic of occupational accidents with exposure to biological materials among nursing professionals. Objectives: The objective of the research was to analyze occupational accidents with exposure to biological materials that occurred among nursing team professionals in a tropical disease hospital. To this end, it was necessary to identify the sociodemographic profile of professionals, investigate the main accidents with biological materials and list the physical consequences caused to nursing professionals who are victims of this injury. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study carried out at a tropical disease hospital in Piauí. Data collection used the Sinan Work Accident Investigation Forms with Exposure to Biological Material, from 2019 to 2024, collected from the Hospital Epidemiology Center and the Specialized Services in Occupational Safety and Medicine. Only professionals who are or were part of the institution's nursing team were included, and the exclusion criterion was forms that presented inconsistencies in filling out. Results: Most accidents involved female nursing technicians, between 20-29 years old, with less than one year of experience. The year 2022 had more notifications, with a decrease in the pandemic. Percutaneous exposure to blood was the most common, mainly with lumen needles. Most used PPE, were vaccinated against hepatitis B, and tested negative for infections. The most commonly used prophylaxis was tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir. There were failures in the recording of physical consequences and in the issuance of the Work Accident Report. Conclusion: The research enabled a detailed analysis of work accidents involving exposure to biological materials among the nursing team. It presented limitations regarding gaps in filling out the forms. However, the findings result in major contributions to the evolution of knowledge.