Peumus boldus: propriedades farmacológicas e compostos bioativos – uma minirrevisão

Abstract

Peumus boldus (P. boldus), known as boldo-do-chile, is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, it exhibits relevant pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. Mini-reviews like this provide an objective and accessible synthesis of specific topics, supporting the continuous education of researchers and healthcare professionals and contributing to the safe use of medicinal plants. This mini-review compiles information published between 2015 and 2025, based on national and international scientific literature, as well as official documents from Brazilian legislation. Keywords such as Peumus boldus, boldine, flavonoids, alkaloids, natural products, and essential oil were used. The main active compound of the plant is boldine, an alkaloid extensively studied through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. The data highlight the therapeutic potential of the plant, but also warn about the risks associated with excessive or prolonged use, such as hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disturbances, renal dysfunctions, and abortifacient effects. The use of P. boldus is contraindicated for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and individuals with liver or biliary diseases. There are also concerns regarding the quality of commercial products, which may contain contaminants, adulterants, or incorrect labeling. Therefore, the use of P. boldus should be guided by scientific evidence and properly regulated to ensure its safety and efficacy.