Acidentes com material perfurocortante em um hospital de referência entre os anos 2015 e 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Performing work activities and the conditions in which they are carried out expose professionals to risk factors that can lead to health problems. The complexity of the hospital environment is one of the factors responsible for the increase in occupational risks that can lead to accidents at work, especially those involving exposure to biological material through sharp or non-sharp objects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of occupational sharps accidents reported at a referral hospital in Piauí between 2015 and 2023. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out in a state referral hospital. The research sample was composed of all the notification forms of Occupational Accidents with Exposure to Biological Material (AT-BIO) existing in the Occupational Health Nucleus (OHN) since its creation, between the years 2015 and 2023, caused by sharps, with the inclusion criteria being the notification forms of nursing professionals, and the exclusion criteria being the forms in which there was no complete follow-up after the accident. Data was collected using a form adapted by the author. The project was only started after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Facid Wyden University Center - Unifacid Wyden under opinion no. 7.045.932 and Certificate of Presentation and Ethical Appreciation (CAAE): 81284424.0.0000.5211 and the REC of the co-participating institution under opinion no. 7.103.990 and CAAE: 81284424.0.3001.5613 in accordance with resolution no. 466, of December 12, 2012, of the National Health Council (CNS). RESULTS: There was a predominance of female Nursing Technicians (94.87%) with a high school education (66.67%), an average age of 43.2 years and working time between 0 and 1 year (38.46%). The years 2018 and 2023 had the highest number of notifications (25.64%). With regard to accidents, the place where most TAs occurred was the ward (17.95%), the fingers were the most affected (74.36%) and performing capillary glycemia was the main circumstance of the accidents. Most of the professionals used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and were immunized against Hepatitis B, and in 94.87% of the cases there was a known source patient. The professionals were followed up after exposure and 37 were discharged without serological conversion (94.87%) and 02 were discharged with serological conversion to HIV (5.13%). DISCUSSION: The data found in this study on accidents involving sharp materials were in line with other studies on the same subject, with the highest number of professionals injured being female nursing technicians. CONCLUSION: This study allowed us to understand the characterization of sharps accidents reported at the reference hospital studied over the years and to draw up a profile of the professionals who suffered accidents. The high occurrence of OA among professionals with less time in the service reinforces the need to invest in Permanent Education (PE) for training and guidance on adherence to safety practices in the workplace.

Descriptors: Occupational accidents. Occupational Health Nursing. Notification of accidents at work. Occupational risks.