A construção da memória do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara em tela: uma análise comparativa entre Globo Repórter e Jornal da Record

Abstract

The Serra da Capivara National Park, located in the hinterlands of the state of Piauí, is one of the most significant archaeological heritage sites in the world and was designated a World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1991. Its historical, environmental, and cultural importance has been portrayed by various journalistic outlets, contributing to the construction of collective memory about the site. This research aims to analyze how the television programs Jornal da Record and Globo Repórter contribute to the construction of memories of the Serra da Capivara National Park. The specific objectives are: to investigate which "memory holders" are called upon in the news reports to discuss the Park; to analyze the screen time allocated to the reports in relation to the total duration of the news programs, as an indicator of the importance attributed to the theme; and to examine how the journalistic approaches adopted by the two programs shape opinions and attitudes toward the Park and its surrounding region. This is a qualitative study based on content analysis of selected reports, grounded in Bardin (2016) and Herscovitz (2007). Document analysis was also employed, considering television news content as primary sources. The theoretical framework draws on authors such as Halbwachs (1968), Pollak (1989), Nora (1993), Ferreira (2016), Ferreira (2022), and Vizeu (2009), who discuss memory, journalism, and television journalism. The results show that Jornal da Record prioritizes institutional and specialized sources, emphasizing tourism, scientific, and economic aspects, while Globo Repórter highlights popular and emotional voices, linked to daily life and biodiversity, with less focus on the Park's archaeological value. It is concluded that both programs contribute to the construction of memories of the Serra da Capivara National Park through distinct approaches, shaping different perspectives on its historical and cultural significance. However, a deeper exploration is still needed. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that television journalism covering the Park still does not sufficiently prioritize narratives that include marginalized voices or foster debates that go beyond the surface of tourism and science.