Prevalência do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no município de Geminiano Piauí

Abstract

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and silent disease, with different types, the most prevalent being type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) primarily affects the elderly and leads to serious health complications. It is a late-onset disease, usually diagnosed through laboratory tests when the patient is already in an advanced stage of the condition. It is recognized as a life-threatening risk factor, especially due to the severe complications it can cause. Highlighting its prevalence is essential for raising public awareness and for improving and strengthening public health policies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the city of Geminiano, in the state of Piauí, from 2023 to 2024, focusing on the most affected age groups and sexes. The research was quantitative in nature, conducted in Geminiano-PI using data provided by the Municipal Health Department. Statistical analysis revealed the prevalence of the disease by age group and sex during the 2023–2024 period. In 2023, the prevalence was found to be 2.20%, and in 2024 it rose to 2.45%, indicating an increase of 0.25%, with the elderly population being the most affected. Several factors may influence the disease, including population aging, lack of physical activity, and poor eating habits. The analyses showed a 25% increase in the prevalence of T2DM in Geminiano-PI from 2023 to 2024, with the majority of cases occurring among the elderly. These findings reinforce the need to strengthen public policies for prevention, early diagnosis, and monitoring of T2DM, especially with a focus on elderly care.

Keywords: Chronic disease; population aging; glucose.