Flutuação populacional de insetos na cultura da soja na região de Uruçuí-PI na safra 2024/25

Abstract

Large-scale soybean cultivation in Brazil and the potential risks involved in this activity highlight the need for insect pest population surveys. This information is the first step toward mitigating crop problems, including understanding the insects that harm the crop. This research aimed to analyze the diversity of insect pests in soybean crops at different stages of development in the Uruçuí region of Piauí, Piauí, during the 2024/25 harvest. This study was conducted in three distinct plots, designated Fortaleza I, Fortaleza II, and Área Vão do Poço. Each plot used a specific cultivar: Brasmax Olimpo IPRO 80I82 RSF was planted in the Fortaleza I plot; Brasmax Ataque I2X 82I82 RSFI2X in the Fortaleza II plot; and Brasmax Domínio 84I86RSF IPRO in the Área Vão do Poço plot. Sampling occurred weekly at 20 random points in each field, from the V3 to R7 stages, in the morning or late afternoon to facilitate insect collection. The monitoring tools used were a pocket magnifying glass for more detailed observation of the plants and a cell phone camera for capturing images. When the plants were fully developed, a wide-type beating cloth measuring 1/1.4 m and made of white canvas was used. Data recording sheets developed by Embrapa for IPM-Soybean were used. The data collected at the end of the sampling process were tabulated and distributed in frequency distribution tables and transformed into graphs using Microsoft Excel. Due to the preventive control method adopted by the producer and the agronomic qualities of the cultivars in question, the insect pests identified during monitoring during the soybean vegetative stage did not reach the control level. There was a significant increase in brown stink bugs (Euschistus heros) in the Olimpo and Ataque cultivars at the end of the reproductive phase. Meanwhile, the Domínio cultivar remained below the control level throughout the harvest. Productivity levels achieved by all cultivars analyzed were satisfactory.