Hidrografia no livro didático de geografia: conteúdos e abordagens no ensino fundamental

Abstract

The textbook is an important didactic resource in the context of Basic Education and for Geography classes, and can be an excellent ally for teachers to work on geographic content, including those related to Hydrography. In this sense, the problem of this research aimed to answer the following question: how are Hydrography contents approached in the Geography textbook from 6th to 9th grade of Elementary School? The justification stems from the concern about how the approach to Hydrography contents in textbooks in the final years of elementary school can contribute to a better understanding of Hydrography contents in the classroom, considering their importance for School Geography, as well as for the students' social daily life. The general objective was to analyze the approach to Hydrography contents in the textbook from 6th to 9th grade of Elementary School. As specific objectives, it was defined: to discuss the teaching of Geography and Hydrography and the importance of the textbook; to know the Geography textbooks for Elementary School and investigate the Hydrography contents covered in them; to elaborate suggestions for Didactic Resources for teaching Hydrography. The research undertaken was applied, descriptive, and explanatory, with a qualitative approach. Bibliographic and documentary research was used as methodological procedures, based on the elaboration of a script to analyze the four textbooks of the "Expedições Geográficas" collection, with the construction of synthesis tables and highlighting the hydrographic content. The results indicate that all books are organized in accordance with the BNCC, presenting accessible language, creative activities, and adequate illustrations, with suggestions for additional contemporary readings. Regarding the Hydrography content, the 6th-grade book is the one that presents it as a specific unit, with explanatory texts, infographics, illustrations, and activities consistent with the objective of the teaching year and proposed in the work. It is suggested for each year a Didactic Resource related to the Hydrography content as a complement to the textbook, aiming to assist the Geography teacher and favor student learning.