Prevalência de constipação e fatores associados em grávidas acompanhadas em uma maternidade de Teresina - PI.

Abstract

Objective: Identify the prevalence of intestinal constipation among pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Teresina (PI), and examine factors influencing constipation during pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective study was conducted between April and December 2024 with pregnant women admitted to the hospital. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s test (α=0.05) were applied. Results: Constipation was reported by 31.1% of participants. Among women who developed constipation only after pregnancy, 22.6% experienced worsening bowel habits, while 77.4% remained stable. Regarding physical activity, worsening was reported by 33.3% of active and 20% of sedentary women (p=0.596). Water intake analysis showed 37.5% worsening among those consuming ≤5 cups/day, 16.7% (6–10 cups/day), and 20% (≥11 cups/day) (p=0.522). Fiber intake indicated worsening in 40% of women who always consumed fiber, 8.3% of those consuming it sometimes, and none among rare consumers (p=0.111). Conclusion: Constipation affected one-third of pregnant women, especially younger, obese, and third-trimester participants. No significant associations with lifestyle were found, but hydration, sufficient fiber intake, and regular physical activity remain important strategies.