Analise da prevalência e fatores de risco associados às lesões autoprovocadas no Brasil (0 a 19 anos)

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with self-inflicted violence among Brazilian adolescents aged 0 to 19 years, from 2019 to 2023.Methods: The research was conducted using secondary data extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/DATASUS) through the TABNET tool. All notifications of self-inflicted violence among adolescents were included, considering the variables sex, age group, education level, place of occurrence, history of associated violence, and type of injury. Data were organized into tables and charts, analyzed descriptively, and discussed in light of recent scientific literature. Results: A total of 674,170 notifications were recorded during the study period, with a significant decrease in 2020, followed by an increase in 2021 and a peak in 2023. Higher prevalence was observed among females, predominantly in the 15–19-year age group, and more frequent among adolescents with elementary and high school education. The home was the main place of occurrence, and a history of previous violence showed a strong association with the cases. Among the types of injuries, poisoning was the most common method, followed by cuts with sharp objects and hanging, all showing an increasing trend over the analyzed period. Conclusion: Self-inflicted violence among adolescents represents a serious public health problem in Brazil, intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic. It demands intersectoral actions integrating family, school, and health services. Strengthening youth mental health policies, along with suicide prevention and control of access to lethal means, is essential to reduce adolescent vulnerability and promote their well-being.