Energia nuclear como fonte alternativa de energia limpa

Abstract

Nuclear energy, often associated with risks and accidents, has significant potential as an alternative clean energy source capable of meeting global electricity demand with low greenhouse gas emissions, thus promoting sustainability in energy generation. The present work aims to analyze the technical, historical, and environmental aspects of nuclear energy, highlighting its advantages and challenges in the transition to a sustainable energy matrix. The methodology adopted consisted of a bibliographic and exploratory analysis of the technical, environmental, and social aspects of nuclear energy. The results obtained allow for the discussion of the duality of nuclear energy, which can be seen both as a risk, due to radioactive waste and the possibility of accidents, and as a strategic opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The work also explores the role of uranium as an energy source, phenomena such as Tcherenkov radiation, and debates around classifying nuclear energy as clean. Furthermore, it addresses climate change and the need to diversify the energy matrix with sources of lower environmental impact. Finally, the study presents nuclear fusion as a potential energy revolution of the future. Based on recent advances, nuclear fusion appears promising as it offers abundant, safe energy with minimal waste, contrasting with nuclear fission, and could be the key to sustainable development for humanity. The study concludes that, although still surrounded by challenges, nuclear energy represents a relevant and strategic alternative in the context of the global energy transition.