Efeitos da Suplementação de Carbonato de Cálcio para Prevenção da Hipertensão Arterial Induzida pela Gravidez na Assistência Pré-Natal na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy-induced hypertension represents an obstetric complication with elevated incidence. Consequently, calcium supplementation has been investigated in various randomized studies since the late 1980s, which suggested promising beneficial effects in the prevention and control of gestational hypertensive disorders. Objective: This study aims to identify in the literature the effects of calcium carbonate supplementation for preventing pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension in prenatal care within primary health services. Method: This is an integrative literature review. The bibliographic search was conducted in July 2025 through systematic searching in the following electronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE via PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS, via Virtual Health Library – VHL). Primary studies related to the research topic were included in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, with no time period limitation. Course conclusion papers, dissertations, theses, experience reports, expert opinions, and studies that did not address the guiding question were excluded. Study selection was performed first by reading the titles and abstracts of articles and subsequently by reading the full text. Results: After analysis, 33 articles were included in this integrative review, with the highest prevalence occurring between 2018 and 2020, with three articles per year respectively. The journals that published the most were Pregnancy and Childbirth, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, and International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, each with two published articles. Brazil was the country with the highest number of included articles, followed by China, Argentina, and the United States. Most studies used randomized clinical trials (n=14), followed by observational studies (n=5). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that calcium carbonate supplementation during pregnancy constitutes an efficacious strategy for preventing gestational arterial hypertension, resulting in significant reduction of preeclampsia incidence and associated hypertensive disorders when implemented early and maintained continuously at adequate dosage, in alignment with World Health Organization recommendations.