Interferência do tratamento fisico e quimico na fisiologia e sanidade de sementes de feijão-fava

Abstract

The methods of physical treatment of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds, utilizing radiation as a control agent of micro-organisms is a promising alternative to chemical methods, aiming at environmental sustainability. The efficacy of radio therapy in phytopathogen control in seeds of other species has been shown in research. Thus, this work aimed to determine the efficiency of treatments of lima bean seeds with fungicide, and physical treatment using electromagnetic waves on the physiological and health quality. The experiment was carried at the Seed Laboratory and Plant Propagation Sector of the Universidade Estadual do Piauí – UESPI, Uruçuí – PI. The experiment was developed in a randomized block design with 4 repetitions and 19 treatments: T1 – Control; T2 – Chemical treatment with pesticides: Derosal® Plus; T3 – Chemical treatment with pesticides: Maxim Advanced® and Physical treatments: T4 – exposure to radiation (20” in a single layer (SL); T5 – exposure to radiation (20” all the seeds onlonce (TODA); T6 – exposure to radiation (40” SL); T7 – exposure to radiation (40” TODA); T8 – exposure to radiation (60” SL); T9 – exposure to radiation (60” TODA); T10 – exposure to radiation (1’20” SL); T11 – exposure to radiation (1’20” TODA); T12 – exposure to radiation (1’40” SL); T13 – exposure to radiation (1’40” TODA); T14 – exposure to radiation (2’ SL); T15 – exposure to radiation (2’ TODA); T16 – exposure to radiation (2’20” SL); T17 – exposure to radiation (2’20” TODA); T18 – exposure to radiation (2’40” SL); T19 – exposure to radiation (2’40” TODA). After the treatments, the seeds were submitted to the following evaluations: humidity content, germination, emergence in the field, emergence velocity index (EVI) and health. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and comparison of the means of the treatments was made by the Tukey Test at 5% probability. Under the conditions the experiment was conducted and evaluated, the treatment using the fungicide Maxim Advanced® presented the best result with higher emergence velocity index in the field and percentage of normal plants and lower percentage of abnormal and unhealthy plants and non-germinated seeds. The two chemical treatments were efficient in fungus control and some physical treatments presented a small reduction in the percentage of fungi, compared to the control. Under the conditions studied, the physical treatment using micro waves at different times did not show positive effects in the control of pathogenic agents in lima bean seeds. Further experiments using other concentrations and times are recommended to verify the efficiency of fungus control in lima bean seeds using lower concentrations of chemicals associated with the radiation dosages.