A municipalização da educação infantil pública de Teresina: história, educação e memória (1996-2007)

Abstract

In this study, we present a historical narrative of the process of municipalization of public early childhood education in the city of Teresina (1996-2007), in the state of Piauí. Methodologically, this is a Qualitative Research; which employed the Historical method, specifically, the theoretical-methodological assumptions of New History. The development of the research was based on oral testimonies (as a technique) of social actors, using Halbwachs' concept of Memory (1990), together with the conceptual understanding of municipalization. We also used as sources data from INEP; periodicals; bibliographies, such as, Burke (1991), Lakatos (2003), Certeau (2003), Halbwachs (1990), Bloch (2002), Araujo (2005), Fonseca (1995), Lima Filho (2013), Gentilini (1999), Grinkraut (2012). The results showed that early childhood education gradually established itself as an educational aspect over time; it also made it possible to verify that even with the approval of the CF/1988, which guaranteed the educational right of children to daycare centers and preschools, and with the LDB/96, which placed it as part of basic education, SEMEC's ​​position to institutionalize childcare under its jurisdiction was only in 2007, a political decision by the then municipal secretary of education Washington Bonfim, as a consequence of the creation of the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Appreciation of Professionals in Education (FUNDEB/2006). From then on, there was a considerable increase in enrollments in daycare centers and preschools under municipal administrative dependency, caused by the process of municipalizing 100% of early childhood education in the state network and, above all, the incorporation of philanthropic and community early childhood education establishments, previously under agreements with the Municipal Secretariat for Children and Adolescents (SEMCAD). In other words, municipalization occurred in parallel with a (re)conceptualization of early childhood education within the scope of the municipal public management of Teresina, understood in fact as part of the educational sector.