História da alimentação no Piauí (1900 – 1970)

Abstract

Piaui's historiography has devoted almost exclusively attention to the breeding of cattle, forgetting the herds of swine, goats and sheeps, as well as the breeding of donkeys and horses. The grocery agriculture had also been forgotten, an important food cultivation activity. From the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, the agriculture of groceries was widespread in all of the municipalities in Piauí, as well as the breeding of herds of cattle, swine, goats and sheeps. The cultivation activity had subsistence character and was developed by the families, however, from the second half of the nineteenth century, it also had a merchant character. In the 1970s, agrarian modernization destabilized this cultivation modality in Piauí, forcing small farmers to move out from the countryside and also promoted changes in eating habits. The present undergraduate thesis discusses food production between 1900 and 1970, based on manioc, sugarcane, rice, beans, corn and swine, cattle, sheep and goat cattle, which are considered basic in the menu composition of Piauí. This knowledge has as reference the documentation produced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and documents of the Government of the State of Piauí, in online platforms and physically available in archives. It was also used literary sources as novels and short stories indicated in the reference of this paper. It was also used interviews. The reading of papers by authors such as Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Solimar Oliveira Lima, were important for understanding the reality analyzed.