Da mãe que fui à mãe que não fui: representações na revista Pais & Filhos (1968-1972)

Abstract

This work is based on motherhood based on its attributions and non-motherhood based on its various factors, having as a problematizing question: How were the representations of motherhood and non-motherhood of Brazilian women represented in the Pais e Filhos Magazine during the time frame from 1968 to 1972? This period was configured as a milestone in the lives of women, especially with regard to greater civil and sexual rights, greater participation in the labor market and levels of education, and the dissemination of the contraceptive pill, which gave women greater choices regarding their sexual and reproductive rights. The methodology used was qualitative. Access to copies of the Pais & Filhos magazine was decisive for defining the problematization, the objectives and the choice of the time frame established in this study. Semi-structured interviews were also used with eight women divided into three thematic groups, which were related to the decades concerned by this research, serving to provide complementary information. For the literature review, the following theoretical references stood out: Rachel Soihet; Joana Maria Pedro (2007), Maluf; Mott (1998) and Joan Scott (1990) to understand studies on women's history, as well as gender as a category of historical analysis. Joseanne Marinho (2018), Mary Del Priore (2010), Jurandir Costa (2004) and Ana Paula Vosne Martins (2008) were fundamental for the discussion on the constitution of motherhood as a female social function, while Danièle Kergoat (2009) and Judith Revel (2005) enabled an understanding of the inequalities between men and women based on sexual difference; Elisabeth Badinter (1985) and Georgiane Vázquez (2015) supported the development of the discussion around the myth of maternal love and its social implications for women, among other references. Given the results of this study, it was possible to understand the transformations experienced by women in their daily lives and in their personal perspectives. However, despite the magazine Pais & Filhos sometimes highlighting articles that pointed to the new paths that women had already been tracing regarding motherhood and non-motherhood in the 1960s and 1970s, it still made clear the permanences arising from a cultural process based on patriarchy.