@MASTERSTHESIS{ 2025:46943477,
 	title = {Impact of human control levels in avatar-based verbal interaction on system usability and operator sense of agency},
 	year = {2025},
 	url = "http://sistemas2.uespi.br/handle/tede/2577",
 	abstract = "This study explores how three design factors, voice feedback type,
 feedback latency, and decision freedom, shape operators' Sense of Agency
 (SoA) and system usability in avatar-mediated communication. Avatar systems
 translate human intentions into virtual agents, enabling remote work and
 social interaction. Although both SoA (the feeling of controlling one's actions)
 and usability influence performance and satisfaction, the combined effects of
 voice modality, response timing, and interface choices remain unclear. We
 conducted an experiment with 22 participants plus a manual baseline,
 systematically varying voice feedback (recorded human voice vs. synthesized
 speech), feedback latency (instant vs. a 10-second delay), and decision
 freedom (single-option vs. multi-option interfaces). After each of nine trials,
 participants completed the Sense of Agency Scale, the System Usability Scale,
 and five additional Likert items assessing ownership, consistency, smoothness,
 and engagement. Analysis of variance showed that human voice significantly
 increased positive SoA (F = 8.07, p = 0.0056) and that multi-option interfaces
 both boosted positive SoA (F = 6.48, p = 0.0127) and reduced negative SoA (F
 = 9.08, p = 0.0034). Feedback latency had no significant impact on any
 measure (p > 0.05), and usability ratings remained unchanged across all
 conditions. These results suggest that preserving natural voice characteristics
 and offering multiple choices enhance operators' sense of agency without
 affecting usability.",
 	publisher = {Universidade Estadual do Piauí},
 	scholl = {Bacharelado em Ciências da Computação},
 	note = {Centro de Ensino - Campus do Interior}
}