Taxa de efetivação de pacientes que evoluíram com morte encefálica em hospital escola

Abstract

Introduction: Brain Death (BD) is defined by Resolution of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) No. 2.173/17 as the total and irreversible cessation of brain functions, in which there isno electrical activity, due to known and indisputable causes, qualified by non-perceptive coma, absence of supraspinal motor response, and persistent apnea. The diagnosis is made by two different qualified physicians. In this context, organ and tissue donation can occur when brain death is diagnosed, and the patient's other organs still have an adequate blood supply. Organ donors can be living and healthy individuals or post-mortem (cadavers), according to existing protocols and organ viability. Therefore, the professionals who make up the multidisciplinary healthcare team play a fundamental role in this process, which, when well- executed, can significantly increase organ and tissue donations for transplantation. Objective:To analyze the effectiveness rate of brain death in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Teaching Hospital in Teresina, Piauí, and the outcome of potential organ donation. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Organ Procurement Organization of the Teaching Hospital in the State of Piauí. The sample consisted of the medical records of 57 patients who progressed to brain death between January 2021 and December 2022. The instrument used was created by the authors. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study followed all ethical and legal principles. Results: The effectiveness rate corresponds to 57 patients who progressed to brain death. Regarding the main causes of coma, it is possible to observe that 33 patients died due to Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS) in the two years covered by the research. Of these, only 11 resulted in consent for organ donation. Family refusal was identified as a limiting factor, occurring in 21.74% of cases in the two years studied. Conclusion: The effectiveness rate is markedly different from the number of consented organ and tissue donations. Therefore, it is relevant that professionals receive training and are open to participate in it, as well as providing emotional support. The expansion of future studies is suggested to monitor the organ donation process, evaluating the conduct of professionals and the impact generated on families.