Gestão de pessoas: perspectivas históricas e desafios contemporâneos

Abstract

This article analyzes, through an integrative review, the valorization of human capital as a key element for organizational success in a scenario characterized by globalization, modernization and constant changes. The article also addresses the evolution of people management over the years, based on Chiavenato's vision, highlighting the three eras: the classical industrial era, the neoclassical era and the information era. It emphasizes people management as a strategic area, offering an essential competitive advantage to face challenges such as fierce competition and rapid technological evolution. The research aims to highlight the impacts of people management on organizational performance, evidencing the alignment between corporate strategies and employee needs, promoting innovation, cooperation and increased productivity. The result of this work shows that people management is fundamental in the contemporary context, positioning human capital as a strategic resource for organizational success. Modern practices, such as participatory leadership and talent development, are pillars for innovation, cooperation, productivity and alignment between corporate and individual interests. This approach transforms people management into an indispensable component for achieving sustainable growth and competitive advantage. The study also investigates the central role of human capital in implementing business strategies and achieving organizational goals, reinforcing its relevance for market competitiveness. The conclusions support the improvement of people management practices and encourage academic research, highlighting the relevance of human capital for organizational success.