A questão agrária no Brasil: análise comparativa da política de reforma agrária nos governos FHC e Lula

Abstract

Agrarian reform in Brazil has debates that span decades and that cause conflicts due to the lack of structure in meeting the great demands of rural workers, this study seeks to analyze the political process that implemented agrarian reform in Brazil, highlighting the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) and Lula and their effects on the Piauí countryside between the years 1995 to 2010. The central objective is to understand the agrarian reform policy in the history of Brazilian politics, as well as the implementation of this policy in the Piauí, which has a strong land concentration and advances during the period of the FHC and Lula governments. Using exploratory research of a qualitative nature as a methodology, in order to analyze statistical data regarding the number of settlers in Piauí and in Brazil, with a documentary survey of laws that circulate the agrarian reform proposal and also bibliographic analysis being used in order to approach authors who deal with the agrarian issue, such as: Bergamasco; Norder (1996), Martins (2017), Martins (2004), Martins (1981), Prado Jr. (2014), Prado Jr. (1979), understanding that the different contributions of these authors make up a vast debate on the subject. Authors who address social disputes and social movements, in the search for improvement in living conditions, which in Brazil plays a fundamental role in demanding policies that can meet the demands, Alonso (2009), Rosa (2009), Thompson (2011), in the land formation of the state of Piauí we have: Agenor Martins et al (2003), Lima (2009), Mott (1985). To address Brazilian politics, authors such as Anderson (2020), Coelho (2016), Dias (2006), Fernandes (2008), Martins (2003), Oliveira (2018), Rangel (1986) and Singer (2012) were used. The research demonstrated that agrarian reform was suppressed for decades in Brazil, with an advance in the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a non-sequential period, but after redemocratization, imposing the observation that they began to observe the electoral potential of the large masses in which the social movements organized that rose in these decades, observing that meeting these demands would bring political stability, also pointing out that for the state of Piauí, this process of implementing agrarian reform occurred as occupations and conflicts occurred because the nature of land formation prevented the progressive expansion of rural settlements.