A intertextualidade nas redações do ENEM- 2023

Abstract

Intertextuality refers to the phenomenon of relationships between different texts, in which one text references another to support, expand, or modify its content. It is recognized as a key component of textuality. In the context of the Nacional High School Exam (Enem), candidates frequently employ intertextuality, particularly to demonstrate a productive sociocultural repertoire. The exam evaluates five competencies, one of which is Competency II, which assesses a candidate’s ability to understand the essay prompt and integrate knowledge from various fields to defend their point of view. This process inherently relies on intertextuality in essay development. With this in mind, the present study examines the role of explicit intertextuality in the top-scoring essays (grade 1000) of the 2023 Enem, aiming to identify the types of intertexts used, their sources, how they are incorporated, and their impact on the argumentative structure of the text. The theoretical framework draws on the works of Kristeva (1974, apud Koch, Bentes, & Cavalcante, 2012), Bakhtin (2003), Bazerman (2006), Marcuschi (2008), Koch (2010), Antunes (2017), Cavalcante (2022), among others. Methodologically, this research is descriptive, qualitative, and classified as documentary. The data consist of nine (9) top-scoring essays (grade 1000) from the 2023 Enem. The analysis reveals that most intertextual references are paraphrases, demonstrating candidates’ ability to reinterpret ideas from well-known authors, thereby enhancing the coherence and fluidity of their arguments. The authors employ intertextuality strategically, primarily referencing texts from philosophy and literature to lend credibility to their discourse. In introductions, intertextuality demonstrates mastery of the topic, while in development paragraphs, it serves to support or challenge arguments. This approach enriches argumentation and reflects deep understanding, making the text more cohesive and persuasive. In conclusion, intertextuality not only strengthens argumentation but also highlights candidates’ ability to connect their ideas to relevant historical, social, and cultural contexts, thereby increasing the legitimacy of their discourse.