Perfil fitoquímico de extrato e frações, estudo in sílico, atividade antimicrobiana, toxicidade e ação cicatrizante in vivo de cremes à base das folhas da Platonia insignis Mart.

Abstract

Platonia insignis Mart, popularly known as Bacuri, is valued for the oil extracted from its seeds, which is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases and healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. insignis (EEPi), as well as its ethyl acetate (FAPi) and methanol (FMPi) fractions. In addition, we sought to characterize pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters, evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, toxicological and healing effects of the EEPi, FAPi and FMPi creams. The phytochemical profile was determined through preliminary prospecting and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of these compounds using PreADMET and SwissADME software. The antimicrobial activity of the creams was carried out using well diffusion and toxicological evaluation using the irritant potential on the chorio allantoic membrane (HET-CAM) and in vivo healing action. The phytochemical profile by preliminary prospecting identified six classes of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and catechins), UPLC identified the flavonoids (naringenin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin and galangin), the pharmacokinetic results indicated high human intestinal absorption (HIA), medium Caco-2 permeability and high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and the constituents did not infringe Lipinski's Rules. The antibacterial activity of the creams was positive for the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and a fungal species Candida albicans, with the best result for the FMPi cream. The toxicological evaluation of the creams by HET-CAM revealed that the degree of irritation to the membrane was mild or non-existent, suggesting that the creams developed can be safely applied topically. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis showed that the creams acted positively on the healing process of surgically induced wounds in rats, as evidenced by a reduction in wound areas and accelerated re-epithelialization, when compared to the Negative Control Group, especially during the 14-day period. Treatment with the cream based on FMPi showed better results, as it showed a decrease in polymorphonuclear cells and FAPi with an increase in fibroblasts compared to the other groups over the 14-day period. The results of this study show that the ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves and its fractions are a new therapeutic option for the skin healing process.