A origem e a evolução da privação de liberdade sob a perspectiva histórica e teórica da pena: uma análise do desenvolvimento do sistema prisional brasileiro ao longo dos anos

Abstract

This research is a study on the origin and evolution of deprivation of liberty from the historical and theoretical perspective of punishment, aiming to analyze the development of the Brazilian prison system over the years. A bibliographical review of the main works on the topic was carried out, in addition to a legislative mapping of legal texts that underlie the Brazilian prison system. This research has the general objective of verifying whether the historical and theoretical study of the origin and evolution of prison as punishment allows us to analyze the development of the Brazilian prison system over the years, in a way that makes its understanding more effective. According to the bibliographic study developed, it is possible to show that the origin of the penalty is very old, as far as humanity itself is concerned, that the conception of prison as a punishment began in the middle ages following the model of ecclesiastical prisons, that the penalty of deprivation of Freedom began to be applied in Brazil with the arrival of the Portuguese and the Brazilian prison system adopted the progressive penitentiary model. For the theoretical basis, works by renowned authors in the areas of Criminology and Criminal Law were used. The research used the descriptive method with a qualitative approach and was carried out using bibliographic and documentary procedures. Finally, the research found that knowing the historical context of the development of punitive thinking and the way sentences are executed allows for a better understanding of how the prison system currently exists in Brazil works and what it is for.