Perfil epidemiológico e tendência temporal da mortalidade por neoplasia maligna do encéfalo no Brasil, de 2011 a 2021

Abstract

Malignant Brain Neoplasm is a type of cancer that affects the vital functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS), with a high degree of morbidity, representing 1.4% of 1.8% of all tumors in the world, which justifies the importance of ecological studies to group temporal information and contexts that may be associated with the disease in the Brazilian population. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and temporal trend of mortality due to Malignant Brain Neoplasm in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive and time series study. For descriptive analysis, univariate statistics with analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were used. To analyze the temporal evolution of the mortality rate due to Malignant Brain Neoplasm by age group, the Microsoft Excel program was used, in which a linear trend graph was constructed. To analyze the temporal trend of the mortality rate, the data were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel software and directed to the Joinpoint Regression Program 4.6.0.0. Results: There were 85,982 deaths due to Malignant Neoplasm of the Brain in Brazil during the period. Among them, there was a prevalence of male individuals (n = 44,963; 52.29%), white (n = 51,798; 60.24%), aged 60 to 79 years (n = 36,146; 42.04%), with unknown education (n = 17,886; 20.81%). The most predominant place of occurrence was the hospital (n = 70,129; 81.56%). According to the temporal analysis, variations in trends in mortality rates were identified, in which, in the North and Northeast regions, inflection points were detected in 2013 and 2018, respectively, supported by statistical significance, which demonstrates an increase in the mortality rate, followed by stationary behavior in the subsequent period. In the Southeast region, the identified trend is stationary, a behavior similarly observed in recent years in the North and Northeast regions. Even so, the Central-West and South territories, as well as in Brazil, showed an increasing inclination over the years analyzed. Conclusion: It is concluded that there was growth throughout all the years of study in the South and Central-West regions, in addition to Brazil as a whole. The North and Northeast regions showed a variation in trend with growth followed by no change. The Southeast did not have a variation in trend in the 11 years investigated. The research contributes to the scientific community in order to add important information related to the problem in Brazil, which helps in the construction of focuses of attention to remain alert to the behaviors of the disease in the Brazilian regions.