Transvaloração dos valores: a morte de Deus e o nascimento do ubermensch

Abstract

This project seeks to understand the paths outlined by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche regarding the modes and characteristics of what he referred to as the “free spirit par excellence,” and how this concept was tied to a version of the human being that could be seen as superior. We will explore the presentation of the Übermensch as portrayed by the character Zarathustra, so that we may grasp what this "beyond-man" represents and how he differs from the common man. In order to see the contrasts between the two, we will examine Nietzsche’s favorite character, addressing a fundamental issue within his philosophy. We will come to understand that the Übermensch is someone who exists on a level of superiority above human deficiencies, no longer needing the vicissitudes of religious dogmas, ethics from sacred scriptures, or even a God. This work is guided by the question: Why does the Übermensch not need a God? How does he, by his own means, overcome human shortcomings and manage to find the fullness of his life and his own morality? What did Nietzsche intend to bring to humanity when he had Zarathustra descend from his mountain? From this perspective, we will gain insight into deeply human questions of social, psychological, religious, and general relevance—which makes this research enriching both for the academic community and for humanity beyond it, since what we are dealing with is, above all, real life, which Nietzsche understood as the only thing worthy of devotion and fidelity.