Aspectos básicas da física das fontes de luz artificiais de uma análise teórica e experimental

Abstract

This monograph presents an integrated analysis of lighting technologies and their physical and physiological impacts. The study starts from a theoretical contextualization of the main sources of artificial light and the properties of blackbody radiation, exploring how this concept underlies the operation of incandescent, fluorescent and LED lamps. The approach extends to the discussion on the development of blue LED, highlighting the technical challenges in its creation and its importance for the construction of more energy-efficient white LEDs. In the second axis of the research, the influence of blue light on the human circadian cycle is investigated, focusing on its interference in melatonin production and sleep architecture. Prolonged exposure to this type of radiation, especially at night, is analyzed in the light of scientific studies that associate this condition with physiological disorders, daytime fatigue, and compromised general health. The methodology of adopted approach includes a literature review and spectral analysis of different lighting technologies, allowing for the comparison of their emission profiles and their potential biological effects. The results obtained contribute to the understanding of the technological, environmental, and human implications of artificial light, with an emphasis on the importance of more conscious practices in the use of modern lighting systems. In the end, a systematic sequence of measurements of luminous intensity for different artificial light sources was conducted, based on a low-cost experiment. The goal of the experiment was not only to verify the dependence of light intensity on distance but also to establish comparative parameters between the different intensities of artificial light sources and a didactic way to associate the measurement results with the nominal values provided in the information from the lamp manufacturers.