Avaliação do potencial genotóxico do Espinosade (Natular DT) por meio do teste de micronúcleo e da frequência de anormalidades nucleares em peixes, ênfase no controle e larvas de Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)

Abstract

The rise in arbovirus cases transmitted by Aedes aegypti has led to the adoption of bioinsecticides as alternatives to conventional chemical control, including the use of Spinosad. Although considered effective and less harmful to humans, this compound has been insufficiently studied regarding its impact on non-target aquatic organisms. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential of Spinosad in Nile tilapia through the analysis of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations of the larvicide in a controlled environment, and the data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results showed that all concentrations caused significant nuclear changes in the initial exposure periods, including the dose officially recommended for vector control. Over time, a reduction in these alterations was observed, suggesting a possible metabolization of the compound by the exposed organisms. Although persistent cumulative effects were not detected, selective mortality occurred in fish exposed to higher concentrations, particularly during intermediate periods, indicating acute toxicity peaks. The absence of progressive genetic damage suggests that early cytogenetic effects may be mitigated by physiological defense mechanisms. Nevertheless, the occurrence of genotoxic effects at low concentrations points to potential environmental risks, especially in aquatic habitats with low water renewal. These findings reinforce the need to reassess the environmental use of Spinosad, considering both its efficacy against vectors and its collateral effects on non-target species.