Pedagogia tradicional vs pedagogia crítica: uma análise crítica das tendências tradicionais e progressistas e sua relação com a manutenção do sistema econômico capitalista

Abstract

This study proposes a critical analysis of traditional pedagogy and critical pedagogy, highlighting how both relate to the maintenance or transformation of the capitalist economic system. Based on the understanding that education is not neutral but influenced by ideological interests, the research investigates how traditional pedagogy has historically functioned as a tool for reproducing unequal social structures, shaping individuals to conform to the logic of capital. In contrast, critical pedagogy is presented as a path of resistance, capable of fostering political awareness, individual emancipation, and social transformation. Through a qualitative and bibliographic approach, grounded in authors such as Paulo Freire, Althusser, Saviani, Mészáros, and Libâneo, the study reveals that the traditional model of education reinforces alienation and ideological domination, while critical pedagogy opens space for dialogue, reflection, and the construction of liberating educational practices. It concludes that, in order to break the ideological chains of the current system, it is urgent to adopt an education focused on autonomy, critical thinking, and social justice, recognizing individuals as protagonists of their own history.