Efeito de intervenção educativa no conhecimento de profissionais de enfermagem sobre estomias em pediatria

Abstract

Introduction: Elimination ostomies consist of urinary and intestinal ostomies, which are responsible for the release of gas, feces, or urine. Therefore, they require the use of a collection device that should be selected according to the patient's needs, such as the type of ostomy, type of abdomen, ostomy location, size, and type of contents released. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on nursing professionals' knowledge about care for elimination ostomies in pediatrics. Method: This quasi-experimental, before-and-after study was conducted at a high-complexity Children's Hospital and Maternity Unit in Teresina, Piauí, exclusively served by the Unified Health System. The sample, selected by convenience, consisted of nursing professionals working at the institution. The educational intervention consisted of professional training on pediatric ostomies. The program covered the definition of ostomies, the types of elimination ostomies, the main associated complications, the types of equipment and adjuvants available, and the appropriate cutting of these devices. The educational intervention consisted of a lecture-based discussion, a workshop, and case discussions. All educational intervention meetings were in-person. After signing the informed consent form, the pre-test instruments were distributed: a Sociodemographic Profile Instrument and a Knowledge Instrument on Pediatric Bowel Elimination Ostomies, both completed without any database consultation. After completing the questionnaires, they were returned to the researcher, initiating the intervention. At the end, the Knowledge Instrument on Pediatric Bowel Elimination Ostomies was returned as a post-test, also completed without database consultation and returned to the researcher upon completion. The data obtained in the survey were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet using double entry. Behavioral changes between responses before and after the educational intervention were analyzed. This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of Getúlio Vargas Hospital, with opinions No. 7,310,687 in 2024 in the first version and 7,672,485 in 2025 in the second version. Results: Seventy-one nursing professionals participated effectively in the research, the majority of whom were female (78.87%). Regarding the intervention, the average score on the pre-test was 55.86, increasing to 62.39 after the educational intervention. This demonstrates that the training provided a positive improvement in nursing professionals' knowledge regarding pediatric ostomies. Among the domains that achieved the most significant performance were "preoperative nursing care" and "use of collection equipment," where participants developed a more uniform understanding of the following items: professional who can perform demarcation, perform pouch clipping, and change collection equipment. However, the "concepts and classification" domain did not perform well in the percentage of correct answers on the post-test, thus demonstrating a lack of understanding of the conceptual aspects. Conclusion: The results showed a significant improvement in the average score on the post-test compared to the pretest, indicating the effectiveness of the training. The low adherence of some professionals to the full training was one of the main limitations of the study, attributed to the intense hospital routine, on-call schedules, and temporary absences.