A efetividade das medidas protetivas de urgência no combate ao feminicídio no Piauí nos anos de 2023 a 2024: uma análise sob a perspectiva da lei Maria da Penha

Abstract

Violence against women remains one of the most persistent human rights violations in Brazil, requiring effective legal responses and coordinated public policies for prevention and protection. Since the enactment of Lei nº 11.340/2006 (Lei Maria da Penha), the country has made significant progress in safeguarding women in situations of domestic violence, with Emergency Protective Measures as essential preventive instruments aimed at preserving victims’ life, dignity, and physical and psychological integrity. This undergraduate thesis analyzed the effectiveness of Medidas Protetivas de Urgência in combating femicide in the State of Piauí between 2023 and 2024, through bibliographic and documentary research, combined with jurisprudential case study. The analysis included official data and judicial decisions, with emphasis on the Habeas Corpus nº 237.436/SP decided by the Supreme Federal Court, as well as a related precedent from the Supreme Federal Court. Findings showed that, despite a strong legal framework and constitutional prioritization of women's protection, challenges remain that hinder full effectiveness of protective measures in Piauí. Key barriers include limited awareness of rights, sociocultural obstacles to reporting violence, financial dependence, and structural weaknesses in support networks, particularly in rural regions. From a jurisprudential perspective, Brazil’s higher courts have consolidated an understanding that reinforces the preventive nature of Medidas Protetivas de Urgência and restricts the use of Habeas Corpus to review them when such review requires factual evidence, aligning judicial practice with comprehensive protection of women. It is concluded that confronting femicide and domestic violence in Piauí demands not only effective legislation, but also expansion of public policies, strengthening of support networks, decentralization of specialized services, permanent educational actions, and continuous institutional coordination to ensure the full effectiveness of the Lei Maria da Penha and the protection of women.