A ludicidade como “portas abertas” na escola: um estudo bibliográfico sobre estratégia pedagógica e autonomia na educação infantil

Abstract

This work addresses playfulness as a pedagogical strategy for developing autonomy in early childhood education, opening doors for the child's expansion at school when play circulates as a legitimate form of learning. The research stemmed from the understanding that play, the use of games and playful activities are essential practices for meaningful learning, socialization, and children's autonomy. In this context, playfulness is understood as an essential way of learning, not just as entertainment, but as a pedagogical resource capable of fostering creativity, imagination, emotional development, and children's autonomy. This study had the general objective of analyzing how playfulness is used as a pedagogical strategy that generates autonomy in children. To this end, the following specific objectives were defined: to discuss how playfulness, as an indispensable tool, contributes to the autonomous development of the child; to analyze what the scientific literature presents about playfulness as a pedagogical practice aimed at developing children's autonomy. The theoretical basis was grounded in play as a learning tool, drawing from Vygotsky (1998), who highlights play as a privileged space for the development of imagination, social interaction, and the internalization of rules, and Kishimoto (2011), who understands play as an essential pedagogical strategy for promoting autonomy and knowledge construction in childhood, among others. The methodology of this research was qualitative and bibliographic, considering publications in journals, books, articles, dissertations, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. The results indicated an understanding that playfulness, when intentionally planned by the teacher, favors cognitive and affective development and children's autonomy. This is because the school opens itself to the children's world through access, acceptance, freedom, and movement, which, in turn, are values that directly relate to play and the child's autonomy. Playfulness allows children to actively participate in activities, make decisions, and construct meaningful learning experiences.