A construção interacional do discurso político: o debate presidencial de 2022 na perspectiva da Sociolinguística Interacional

Abstract

This research analyzes the discursive functioning of the televised political debate genre from the perspective of Interactional Sociolinguistics. The study aims to understand how contextualization cues guide meaning construction, face negotiation, and the projection of political identities in participants’ discourse. A qualitative-quantitative approach was adopted, based on microinteractional analysis of selected episodes and expanded transcriptions, following the theoretical frameworks of Gumperz (1982), Goffman (1974), Hymes (1974), Erickson (1992), and Silverstein (2003). The results show that prosodic and lexical cues predominate in the regulation of turns and in the marking of political ethos, while gestural and discursive cues reinforce the multimodal dimension of interaction. The analyses reveal the presence of three regimes of indexicality, authority, moral indignation, and institutionality which interact in the construction of distinct frames and footings. It is concluded that the televised political debate is an institutionalized and performative communicative event, in which language operates as a social practice and an instrument of symbolic power, revealing that politics takes place through interaction, and interaction, through politics.