A oferta da educação infantil em Parnaíba: um estudo documental à luz dos planos educacionais no período de 2014 a 2024

Abstract

This research addressed the effectiveness of implementing early childhood education policies in Parnaíba-PI, based on a study of the Plano Nacional de Educação [National Education Plan] (PNE, 2014) and the Plano Municipal de Educação [Municipal Education Plan] (PME, 2015), comparing their goals with current enrollment data. The general objective of the study was to diagnose the situation of early childhood education in Parnaíba, considering the progress made in achieving the goals and strategies established in the PNE and PME. The specific objectives were: to map the supply of vacancies in early childhood education in Parnaíba's municipal network; to analyze the potential demand for vacancies in the municipality's early childhood education, considering demographic and socioeconomic data; and to identify the main advancements in the expansion of access to early childhood education in Parnaíba from 2014 to 2024. Considering the goals for expanding early childhood education proposed by the PNE in 2014, this research's guiding question is: what advancements have occurred in terms of serving the 0 to 6-year-old public in the municipal education network in Parnaíba since the launch of the PNE in 2014? The theoretical framework was based on Ariés (1981), Campos et al. (2011), Guimarães (2017), among others. The methodology adopted a qualitative approach with the use of quantitative data and a documentary focus, analyzing and comparing education plans as well as IBGE data relevant to the topic. The research was conducted through visits to websites such as the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), the IVIS Platform of the Maria Cecília Souto Vidigal Foundation (FMCSV), and the IBGE website, using the following descriptors: Brazil; Piauí; Parnaíba; administrative dependency: municipal; stage and modality: daycare and preschool; locality: urban and rural. The results of this investigation show an average of 2,572 live births per year in the municipality of Parnaíba-PI, with a downward curve in the last 4 years, and the index of daycare (0-3) need at 50.37%. Regarding the physical structure, the number of schools with the daycare segment (0-3) increased from 26 to 41 (an increase of 57.69%); preschool (4-5) units decreased from 55 to 48 (a reduction of 12.73%). In relation to daycare vacancies (0-3), enrollment increased from 656 to 1,809 (175.76%). In preschools, enrollment increased from 3,337 to 4,280 vacancies. As a result, the coverage index for early childhood care is 17.09% for children aged 0 to 3 years and 89.90% for children aged 4 to 5 years, demonstrating that the goals of the Municipal Education Plan of Parnaíba-PI 2015-2024 were not achieved.