Análise fitoquímica, citogenotoxicidade e efeito cicatrizante do óleo essencial das folhas e inflorescência Croton blanchetianus Baill.

Abstract

The treatment of various pathologies using medicinal plants is ancient. In recent years, this practice has grown among the world population, due to easy access and reduced side effects. Croton blanchetianus is one of the species of the genus Croton that stands out for its therapeutic and pharmacological relevance. It is known as black quince and is used to treat various illnesses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile, cytotoxic and genotoxic aspects and the potential healing effect of C. blanchetianus essential oil. The essential oil from the leaves and inflorescence was extracted by hydrodistillation and the phytochemical profile was carried out using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrum (GC/MS). The result revealed that the essential oil of C. blanchetianus has a yield of 0.45%, 49 chemical components were identified, including bicyclogermacrene (22.80%), caryophyllene (10.90%) and eucalyptol (9.24%) stood out as the majority. There was a predominance of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes groups. Some of these secondary metabolites are reported in the literature with biological activity as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidepressant and healing. In the toxicogenic evaluation, A. cepa roots were exposed to Dimethylsulfoxide - 1% DMSO in distilled water (Negative Control), MMS: 10 μg/mL of Methylmethanesulfonate dissolved in 1% DMSO (Positive Control) and treatments with essential oil of C. blanchetianus in 05 concentrations (1.6; 8; 40; 200 and 1000 μg/ml). The test revealed cytotoxicity at concentrations of 200 and 1000 μg/ml in response to the low mitotic index, but did not present genotoxicity. After the 7th postoperative day (POD) it was found that the negative control presented inflammatory cells, while in groups 01 and 02 there was angiogenesis and formation of fibroblasts. After the 14th DPO there was an improvement in healing in group 1 and after the 21st DPO group 2 treated with OECB showed an accelerated healing process with total epithelial restoration. This preliminary study of the phytochemical profile, toxicogenetic investigation and the potential healing effect of C. blachetianus essential oil will serve to support future studies on the biological, pharmacological activity and possible therapeutic application of the chemical components.