Ação terapêutica do extrato etanólico da folhas de Platonia insigns Mart. na síndrome do desconforto respiratório induzida em ratos

Abstract

Platonia insignis Mart is popularly known as Bacuri. All parts of this plant have indications for use in folk medicine. The decoction of the seeds, for example, is used to treat diarrhea, while the oil from the seeds is used to treat skin diseases, otitis, rheumatism, arthritis, and cicatrizing. The objectives of this work were to prospect the chemical profile of P. insginis by means of GC-MS and CLAE and to investigate the pharmacological action of the ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats. For the induction of ARDS, 35 male rats were distributed in seven groups. The negative control group was submitted to ischemia and reperfusion but was not treated. Groups E, F and G were treated with ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves freeze-dried (500 mg/kg), fenoterol bromide and associations by inhalation. Structural and inflammatory pulmonary changes were evaluated by histological examination. In the preliminary phytochemical screening it was observed that the leaf extract was positive for alkaloids, saponins and triterpenes. The GC-MS analysis verified that the ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves showed 60 compounds. The major compounds identified in the ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves were phytol (10.54%), gamma - sitosterol (9.88%) and hexadecanoic acid (9.84%). Already in the analysis by CLAE revealed in the extract under study the secondary metabolite catechin. Finally, the extract was able to stagnate the marked dilatation of terminal and respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of P. insignis leaves presents itself as a new option of therapeutic approach in the treatment of ARDS.