Usos da inteligência artificial no sistema jurídico brasileiro: aspectos legais, éticos e operacionais

Abstract

This work addressed the uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Brazilian legal system, highlighting its relevance in light of the large backlog of pending cases and the automation initiatives in higher courts to optimize routines. It aimed to critically analyze the legal, ethical, and operational dimensions of AI implementation in the Judiciary, with specific objectives: to examine legislation and normative projects, including the LGPD; to evaluate ethical challenges such as transparency, equity, and human oversight; to identify operational obstacles in digitization, infrastructure, and training; and to propose guidelines for governance, auditing, and continuous education. The theoretical framework drew on regulatory risk theory, fundamental principles of the Democratic State of Law – human dignity, equality, and due process – and studies on algorithmic governance and AI ethics, engaging with data protection doctrine and civil liability. The qualitative bibliographic-documentary methodology analyzed national norms (LGPD, CNJ resolutions), international regulations (EU AI Act), and academic literature through critical reading and normative comparison. The results indicated efficiency gains in case triage and jurisprudential research but revealed regulatory gaps, bias risks, opacity, and operational challenges that necessitated sector-specific norms, transparency mechanisms, robust audits, and investments in infrastructure and training to ensure a hybrid Judiciary in which technology complemented but did not replace human judgment.