Avaliação das condições construtivas e elétricas das subestações do centro hospitalar para proposição de adequações normativas e melhorias de qualidade de energia

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the operational conditions of the 150kVA and 225kVA substations responsible for supplying electrical power to a hospital, with a focus on power quality, identification of critical failures, and the proposal of structural and operational improvements. Technical inspections revealed significant issues such as phase unbalance, overheating in connections and circuit breakers, high-resistance points, and failures in protection devices, all of which compromised the continuity and safety of the electrical supply, directly affecting critical areas such as ICUs, surgical centers, and diagnostic imaging departments. The results showed that both substations presented a considerable risk of operational failure due to outdated infrastructure, inadequate circuit organization, and degradation of electrical components. As an immediate corrective action, the 225kVA substation underwent a complete modernization of the main low-voltage switchboard (QGBT), including adaptation for molded-case circuit breakers and the installation of cable trays, which significantly reduced hotspots and improved the system’s reliability. For the 150kVA substation, structural interventions were proposed, such as the replacement of the QGBT, load balance correction, and the adoption of proper connection techniques. The study also recommended the implementation of a continuous preventive maintenance program, including periodic thermographic inspections, monitoring of connection conditions, and standardization of installation procedures. Additionally, a redesign of the load distribution and replacement of the main feeder cable were proposed to ensure that the electrical system can safely support the hospital’s future expansion and increasing demand.